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六隨念經
本經與巴利語佛經《相應部》第55經、第6經等諸經文的內容相同。
本經中的主角是兩兄弟,他們都是波斯匿王的大臣,也是虔誠的佛教徒,平時經常供養佛陀與僧團,兩兄弟中的梨師達多智慧較高,而另一個富蘭那則持戒較精嚴,但他們二人在生時都已證得二果,死後都轉生到欲界的第四層兜率天(詳見《雜阿含經》第990經)。
本經的重點是經中的兄弟二人擔心無法經常見到佛陀與其他智慧比丘,請教佛陀該如何自處?佛陀則提醒他們可以修持六隨念,六隨念與四無量心對於在家佛教徒而言都是非常好的修持方法,願以此共勉之。
選譯自《雜阿含經》第860經
喬正一白話譯於西元2023/1/6農曆壬寅年十二月十五日布薩八關齋戒日
我是這樣聽聞的:
這是發生在佛陀暫時住在古印度舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園林的事。那時,前三個月的結夏安居已經結束,許多比丘都集合於食堂內為世尊縫製迦絺那衣。
當時,有梨師達多及富蘭那兄弟二人正於古印度的鹿徑澤中處理農田水利事業,他們兄弟二人聽說許多比丘在食堂中為世尊縫衣服,便說道:「啊,看來如來再過不久,就要著衣持缽,於各處行腳遊方了。」
於是,他們對另一個朋友說:「你應當前往頂禮瞻視世尊,如果你去頂禮之後回來的話,請趕緊來通知我們!」
這一個人聽從兄弟二人的建議,他去頂禮世尊,然後很快就回來,他對梨師達多及富蘭那二人說:「世尊與眾比丘已經出來行腳遊方了。」
梨師達多及富蘭那兩兄弟趕緊前往迎接世尊,世尊望見梨師達多及富蘭那從前方隨路而來,便在路旁敷尼師壇,然後正身端坐等候二人的到來。梨師達多及富蘭那二人隨後趕到,他們兄弟二人一起跪在地上,稽首頂禮佛足,然後起身退坐在一旁,他們對佛說:「世尊,我們現在的身體很不好,全身難過得猶如四肢離散一樣,全身上下酸軟無力,頭腦也不太清楚了,分辨不清東西南北四方,我們兄弟倆以前所學習的佛法,如今因身心失調全都忘光了,因此,我們非常擔憂與煩惱。我們聽說世尊要四處遊行教化人民與信眾,我們兄弟二人不知要到什麼時候才能再見到世尊及眾知識比丘?」
佛陀告訴他們兄弟倆:「無論你們有沒有見到如來,也無論有沒有見到知識比丘,你們倆都應該隨時修習六隨念。是哪六種憶念呢?分別是應憶念如來、正法、僧伽、自己所持的清淨戒律、自己所行的布施供養等善舉、憶念能往生諸天的功德條件因緣。
兩位居士,在家人因為環境憒鬧,容易染著五欲,而出家空閑,長期處於非家,且一向鮮潔,純一滿淨,梵行清白,修行的條件與因緣都遠勝於居士的環境,非俗人所能相比。」
兄弟二人對佛說:「奇哉!世尊,您說的真好,我們兄弟倆都是波斯匿王的大臣,有一次波斯匿王想要進花園賞花,他令我倆駕馭大象,搭載兩位國王最喜愛的宮女,其中一位坐在我的前方,另一位則坐在我的後方,我則坐在兩位宮女的中間。
當大象走下坡時,前者便抱著我的脖子,後者則攀著我的背部;當大象走上坡時,換成後者抱著我的頸部,前者抓著我衣衿。這些宮女平時為了娛樂國王,她們的衣著都非常華麗亮眼,又噴灑眾妙香,帶著昂貴的瓔珞。我雖與她們同乘一頭大象一起出遊,然而我卻常守護三件事:第一是集中注意力專心駕御大象,以防大象走錯路;第二守護自心,以防我對坐在我前後的美女心生情慾愛染執著;第三、集中注意力保護自己,以防大象因走路顛頗不穩而讓我們三人都墜落下來。世尊,當我在面對國王的兩位宮女的時候,雖然彼此的身體緊密貼近,有肢體方面親密的接觸,但我卻時時刻刻都保持著正思惟與正念,沒有一絲顛倒妄念遐想產生。」
佛陀讚嘆說:「善哉!善哉!你們做得很好,都能善護自心。」
兩兄弟又說:「我在家中的所有財物,都經常奉獻供養給世尊及諸比丘、比丘尼,也與其他居士及女居士等共享,沒有吝惜,不計我所。」
佛陀讚道:「善哉!善哉!你們兄弟倆都是拘薩羅國的富豪,享有鉅額的錢財,然而你們能對於錢財不吝惜與他人分享,不計我所,實在難能可貴。」
接著,世尊為他們兄弟倆說種種正法,依照「示」、「教」、「照」、「喜」的次序開示,他們兄弟倆聞法後,便從座位起身離去。
原文/
雜阿含860經
如是我聞:
一時,佛住舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園。
前三月結夏安居竟,眾多比丘集於食堂為世尊縫衣。
時,有長者梨師達多及富蘭那兄弟二人,於鹿徑澤中修治田業,聞眾多比丘在於食堂為世尊縫衣,言:
「如來不久作衣竟,著衣持鉢,人間遊行。」
聞已,語一士夫言:
「汝今當往詣世尊所瞻視世尊,若必去者,速來語我!」
時,彼士夫即受教敕,往到一處,見世尊出,即速來還,白梨師達多及富蘭那:
「世尊已來,及諸大眾。」
時,梨師達多及富蘭那往迎世尊。
世尊遙見梨師達多及富蘭那隨路而來,即出路邊,敷尼師壇,正身端坐。
梨師達多及富蘭那稽首佛足,退坐一面,白佛言:
「世尊,我今四體支解,四方易韻,所憶念事,今悉迷忘,何時當復得見世尊及諸知識比丘?世尊今出至拘薩羅,從拘薩羅至伽尸,從伽尸至摩羅,從摩羅至摩竭陀,從摩竭陀至殃伽,從殃伽至修摩,從修摩至分陀羅,從分陀羅至迦陵伽,是故,我今極生憂苦,何時當復得見世尊及諸知識比丘?」
佛告梨師達多及富蘭那:
「汝見如來及不見如來;見諸知識比丘及不見,汝且隨時修習六念,何等為六?汝當念如來事:……廣說乃至念天。
然其長者,在家憒{丙}[鬧],在家染著,出家空閑,難可俗人處於非家一向鮮潔,純一滿淨梵行清白。」
長者白佛:
「奇哉!世尊!善說此法:『在家憒{丙}[鬧],在家染著,出家空閑,難可俗人處於非家一向鮮潔,純一滿淨梵行清白。』我是波斯匿王大臣,波斯匿王欲入園觀,令我乘於大象,載王第一宮女:一在我前,一在我後,我坐其中。象下坂時,前者抱我{項}[頸],後者攀我背;象上坂時,後者抱我頸,前者攀我衿,彼諸婇女為娛樂王故,衣繒綵衣,著眾妙香,瓔珞莊嚴,我與同遊,常護三事:一者、御象恐失正道;二、自護心,恐生染著;三、自護持,恐其顛墜。世尊!我於爾時,於王婇女無一剎那不正思惟。」
佛告長者:「善哉!善哉!能善護心。」
長者白佛:
「我在家中所有財物,常與世尊及諸比丘、比丘尼、優婆塞、優婆夷等共受用,不計我所。」
佛告長者:
「善哉!善哉!汝拘薩羅國錢財巨富,無有與汝等者,而能於財不計我所。」
爾時,世尊為彼長者種種說法,示、教、照、喜;示、教、照、喜已,從座而去。
巴利語經文
SN.55.6/(6) Thapatisuttaṃ
1002. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū bhagavato
cīvarakammaṃ karonti– “niṭṭhitacīvaro bhagavā temāsaccayena cārikaṃ
pakkamissatī”ti. Tena kho pana samayena isidattapurāṇā thapatayo sādhuke
paṭivasanti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Assosuṃ kho isidattapurāṇā thapatayo–
“sambahulā kira bhikkhū bhagavato cīvarakammaṃ karonti– ‘niṭṭhitacīvaro
bhagavā temāsaccayena cārikaṃ pakkamissatī’”ti.
Atha kho isidattapurāṇā thapatayo magge purisaṃ ṭhapesuṃ– “yadā tvaṃ, ambho
purisa, passeyyāsi bhagavantaṃ āgacchantaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ, atha
amhākaṃ āroceyyāsī”ti. Dvīhatīhaṃ ṭhito kho so puriso addasa bhagavantaṃ
dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna yena isidattapurāṇā thapatayo tenupasaṅkami;
upasaṅkamitvā isidattapurāṇe thapatayo etadavoca– “ayaṃ so, bhante, bhagavā
āgacchati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. Yassa dāni kālaṃ maññathā”ti.
Atha kho isidattapurāṇā thapatayo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu;
upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito
anubandhiṃsu. Atha kho bhagavā maggā okkamma yena aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ
tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Isidattapurāṇā thapatayo
bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te
isidattapurāṇā thapatayo bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ–
“Yadā mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma– ‘sāvatthiyā kosalesu cārikaṃ
pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti domanassaṃ– ‘dūre
no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma–
‘sāvatthiyā kosalesu cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā
hoti domanassaṃ– ‘dūre no bhagavā’”ti.
“Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma– ‘kosalehi mallesu cārikaṃ
pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti domanassaṃ– ‘dūre
no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante bhagavantaṃ suṇāma–
‘kosalehi mallesu cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā
hoti domanassaṃ– ‘dūre no bhagavā’”ti.
“Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma– ‘mallehi vajjīsu cārikaṃ
pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti domanassaṃ– ‘dūre
no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma–
‘mallehi vajjīsu cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā
hoti domanassaṃ– ‘dūre no bhagavā’”ti.
“Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma– ‘vajjīhi kāsīsu cārikaṃ
pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti domanassaṃ– ‘dūre
no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante bhagavantaṃ suṇāma–
‘vajjīhi kāsīsu cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti
domanassaṃ– ‘dūre no bhagavā’”ti.
“Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma– ‘kāsīhi māgadhe cārikaṃ
pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti domanassaṃ– ‘dūre
no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma–
‘kāsīhi māgadhe cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti, hoti anappakā no tasmiṃ samaye
anattamanatā hoti anappakaṃ domanassaṃ– ‘dūre no bhagavā’”ti.
“Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma– ‘māgadhehi kāsīsu cārikaṃ
pakkamissatī’ti hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti somanassaṃ– ‘āsanne no
bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma–
‘māgadhehi kāsīsu cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti
somanassaṃ– ‘āsanne no bhagavā’”ti.
“Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma– ‘kāsīhi vajjīsu cārikaṃ
pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti somanassaṃ ‘āsanne no
bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma– ‘kāsīhi
vajjīsu cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti
somanassaṃ– ‘āsanne no bhagavā’”ti.
“Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma– ‘vajjīhi mallesu cārikaṃ
pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti somanassaṃ– ‘āsanne
no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma–
‘vajjīhi mallesu cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti
somanassaṃ– ‘āsanne no bhagavā’”ti.
“Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma– ‘mallehi kosale cārikaṃ
pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti somanassaṃ– ‘āsanne
no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma–
‘mallehi kosale cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti
somanassaṃ– ‘āsanne no bhagavā’”ti.
“Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma– ‘kosalehi sāvatthiṃ cārikaṃ
pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti somanassaṃ– ‘āsanne
no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma–
‘sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme’ti, hoti anappakā no
tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti anappakaṃ somanassaṃ– ‘āsanne no bhagavā’”ti.
“Tasmātiha, thapatayo, sambādho gharāvāso rajāpatho, abbhokāso pabbajjā.
Alañca pana vo, thapatayo, appamādāyā”ti. “Atthi kho no, bhante, etamhā
sambādhā añño sambādho sambādhataro ceva sambādhasaṅkhātataro cā”ti. “Katamo
pana vo, thapatayo, etamhā sambādhā añño sambādho sambādhataro ceva
sambādhasaṅkhātataro cā”ti?
“Idha mayaṃ, bhante, yadā rājā pasenadi kosalo uyyānabhūmiṃ niyyātukāmo hoti,
ye te rañño pasenadissa kosalassa nāgā opavayhā te kappetvā, yā tā rañño
pasenadissa kosalassa pajāpatiyo piyā manāpā tā ekaṃ purato ekaṃ pacchato
nisīdāpema. Tāsaṃ kho pana, bhante, bhaginīnaṃ evarūpo gandho hoti,
seyyathāpi nāma gandhakaraṇḍakassa tāvadeva vivariyamānassa, yathā taṃ
rājakaññānaṃ gandhena vibhūsitānaṃ. Tāsaṃ kho pana, bhante, bhaginīnaṃ
evarūpo kāyasamphasso hoti, seyyathāpi nāma tūlapicuno vā kappāsapicuno vā,
yathā taṃ rājakaññānaṃ sukhedhitānaṃ. Tasmiṃ kho pana, bhante, samaye nāgopi
rakkhitabbo hoti, tāpi bhaginiyo rakkhitabbā honti, attāpi rakkhitabbo hoti.
Na kho pana mayaṃ, bhante, abhijānāma tāsu bhaginīsu pāpakaṃ cittaṃ uppādetā.
Ayaṃ kho no, bhante, etamhā sambādhā añño sambādho sambādhataro ceva
sambādhasaṅkhātataro cā”ti.
“Tasmātiha, thapatayo, sambādho gharāvāso rajāpatho, abbhokāso pabbajjā.
Alañca pana vo, thapatayo, appamādāya. Catūhi kho, thapatayo, dhammehi
samannāgato ariyasāvako sotāpanno hoti avinipātadhammo niyato
sambodhiparāyaṇo.
“Katamehi catūhi? Idha, thapatayo, ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena
samannāgato hoti– itipi so bhagavā …pe… satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho
bhagavāti. Dhamme …pe… saṅghe …pe… vigatamalamaccherena cetasā ajjhāgāraṃ
vasati muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato. Imehi
kho, thapatayo, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato ariyasāvako sotāpanno hoti
avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo.
“Tumhe kho, thapatayo, buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgatā– itipi so bhagavā
…pe… satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavāti. Dhamme …pe… saṅghe …pe… yaṃ kho
pana kiñci kule deyyadhammaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ appaṭivibhattaṃ sīlavantehi
kalyāṇadhammehi. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, thapatayo, katividhā te kosalesu manussā
ye tumhākaṃ samasamā, yadidaṃ– dānasaṃvibhāge”ti? “Lābhā no, bhante,
suladdhaṃ no, bhante! Yesaṃ no bhagavā evaṃ pajānātī”ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
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